Philippine Literature During the Japanese Era Essay

During the Nipponese Occupation, when Tagalog was favored by the Nipponese soldiers authority, writing in English was consigned to limbo. It picked up after the war, however, with a fervor and drive for excellence that continue to this day. Stevan Javellanas With bring out Seeing the Dawn (1947), the first postwar novel in English, was published in the united States. In 1946, the Barangay Writers Project was founded to help publish books in English.Against a background marked by semipolitical unrest and government battles with Hukbalahap guerrillas, writers in English in the postwar period honed their sense of craft and techniques. Among the writers who came into their possess during this time were Nick Joaquin, NVM Gonzalez, Francisco Arcellana, Carlos Bulosan, F. Sionil Jose, Ricaredo Demetillo, Kerima Polotan Tuvera, Carlos Angeles, Edilberto K. Tiempo, Amador Daguio, Estrella Alfon, Alejandrino Hufana, Gregorio Brillantes, Bienvenido Santos, Dominador Ilio, T.D. Agcaoili, Alejandro R. Roces, Sinai C. Hamada, Linda Ty-Casper, Virginia Moreno, Luis Dato, Gilda Cordero-Fernando, Abelardo and Tarrosa Subido, Manuel A. Viray, Vicente Rivera Jr., and Oscar de Zuiga, among many others.Read moreThe Virgin by Kerima PolotanFresh from studies in American universities, usually as Fulbright or Rockefeller scholars, a number of these writers introduced New Criticism to the country and applied its tenets in literature classes and writing workshops. In this way were born the Silliman Writers spend Workshop (started in 1962 by Edilberto K. Tiempo and Edith L. Tiempo) and the U.P. Writers Summer Workshop (started in 1965 by the Department of English at the U.P.). To this day, these workshops help discover writing talents and move up them in their craft.CultureThe arrival of the Nipponese caused tremendous fear, hardships and suffering among the Filipinos. The Filipino way of life was greatly affected during the Japanese period. The Filipinos lost their freedom of speech and expression. The development of art was also stopped. Filipinos greatly feared the regularize. There were Filipinos spies hired by the Japanese to point those who were suspected of being part of the guerilla movement. The Japanese do some changes in the system of education.MusicDespite the terror and uncertainty brought by the insurgent World War and the Japanese rule in the country, playing and listening to melody were among the leisure activities that someway made life bearable for Filipinos.Under their rule, the Japanese imposed their own music on the country. Japanese music was heard daily in radio broadcasts. Their songs were also taught in public schools. Students, however, never took these songs to heart.The work of jazz and Western music identified with the allied nations of the war was prohibited. Hence, the Japanese held conferences and lectures on Oriental music in Manila with the hope of diverting the loyalty of the Filipinos away from the Americans. The first was a Japanese melodious Mission to the Philippines held on May 7, 1943, with the support of the New Philippine Musical Federation headed by Kosak Yamada.The Japanese nevertheless encouraged the creation and performance of music with native themes through music contests. Concerts were also a common form of amusement for Filipinos at the time and the Metropolitan Theater became an important venue for heathenish events.Classical music, including opera, flourished during the war. For instance, the New Philippine Symphony, the first all-Filipino orchestra, was organized. It performed an all-Philippine symphonic program in July 1942, with Francisco Santiago as conductor. The Philippine Conservatory of Music, an affiliate of the Philippine Womens University, was one of the few music schools in the country that overt during the war.Music-making remained a popular pastime in homes. Families sang and played musical instruments to entertain themselves. On especial(a) occasions, fami lies held special concerts for themselves, as well as their friends. All these prove that even during turbulent times, Filipinos love of music could never be suppressed.PoetryThree types of poems emerged during this period. They were 1. Haiku a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines. The first line had 5 syllables, the second, 7 syllables, and the third, five. The Haiku is allegorical in meaning, is ill-judged and covers a wide scope in meaning. 2. Tanaga like the Haiku, is short but it had measure and rhyme. each line had 17 syllables and its also allegorical in meaning. 3. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form) like those mentioned earlier in the inception chapters of this book.DramaThe drama see a lull during the Japanese period because movie houses showing American films were closed. The big movie houses were just made to show stage shows. Many of the plays were reproductions of English plays to Tagalog. The translators wer e Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Alberto Concio , and Narciso Pimentel. They also founded the governing of Filipino players named Dramatic Philippines. A few of playwriters were 1. Jose Ma. Hernandez wrote PANDAY PIRA2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo wrote sa PULA, SA PUTI3. Clodualdo del Mundo wrote BULAGA (an expression in the game Hide and Seek). 4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda wrote SINO BA KAYO?, DAHIL SA ANAK, and HIGANTE NG PATAY. C.Short StoryThe field of the short story widened during the Japanese Occupation. Many wrote short stories. Among them were Brigido Batungbakal , Macario Pineda, Serafin Guinigindo , Liwayway Arceo , Narciso Ramos, NVM Gonzales, Alicia Lopez Lim, Ligaya Perez, and Gloria Guzman. The best writings in 1945 were selected by a group of judges composed of francisco icasiano , jose esperanza cruz, antonio rosales, clodualdo del mundo and teodoro santos.As a result of this selection, the following got the first three prizes first prize narciso reyes with his lupang tinubuan second prize liwayway arceos uhaw ang tigang na lupa third prize nvm gonzales lunsod nayon at dagat-dagatan Noteworthy writer of the period was Carlos P. Romulo who won the Pulitzer Prize for his bestsellers I byword THE FALL OF THE PHILIPPINES, I SEE THE PHILIPPINES RISE and his MOTHER AMERICA AND MY BROTHER AMERICANS. Journalists include Salvador P. Lopez, Leon Ma. Geurrero, Raul Manglapuz and Carlos Bulosan. Nick Joaquin produced THE woman WHO LOOKED LIKE LAZARUS. Fred Ruiz Castro wrote a few poems. F.B. Icasino wrote essays in The Philippine Review.LiteratureBecause of the strict prohibitions imposed b the Japanese in the writing and publishing of works in English, Philippine literature in English experienced a dark period. The few who dared to write did so for their bread and butter or for propaganda. Writings that came out during this period were journalistic in nature. Writers felt suppressed but slowly, the spirit of nationalism started to seep into their consciousness. p lot of ground some continued to write, the majority waited for a better climate to publish their works. Carlos Bulosans works include THE LAUGHTER OF MY FATHER (1944), THE VOICE OF BATAAN, 1943, SIX FILIPINO POETS, 1942, among others. Alfredo Litiatco published With Harp and Sling and in 1943, Jose P. ribbon published Forces that Make a Nation Great.The Commonwealth Literary Awards gave prizes to meritorious writers. Those who won were 1. LIKE THE MOLAVE by Rafael Zulueta da Costa (Poetry) 2. HOW MY BROTHER LEON BROUGTH HOME A WIFE by Manuel E. Arguilla (Short Story) 3. LITERATURE AND SOCIETY by Salvador P. Lopez (Essay) 4. HIS NATIVE SOIL by Juan Laya (Novel) President Manuel L. Quezons autobiography THE GOOD FIGHT was published posthumously. radio broadcasts echoed the mingled fear and doubts in the hearts of the people. Other writers of this period were Juan Collas (19440, Tomas Confesor (1945), Roman A. de la Cruz and Elisa Tabuar .