Black Mustard (Brassica nigra) :: Botany

Black Mustard (Brassica nigra) The mustard plant has often been mentioned in the Bible, and most of us are familiar with Jesus' parable of the mustard seed. However, there is great debate as to what the "mustard" plant of Jesus' parable really was. Most modern commentators agree that it was the ordinary black mustard, Brassica nigra, but there are still a few who disagree. These others suggested that the mustard in the Bible could have been Salvadora persica, a shrub found in thickets around the Dead Sea, but authorities say that this plant did not grow where Jesus spoke his parables. Also Phytolacca decandra, the pokeberry, was theorized to be the "mustard tree". That too was discounted because it is now regarded as an American plant. One major argument against Brassica for the "mustard" of the Bible is based on the Biblical statements concerning its becoming a "tree", and "the fowls of the air lodged in the branches of it". Supporters of this argument claim that the mustard plant never becomes a great tree, and it would not be sturdy enough for birds to nest. In rebuttal, it has been pointed out that we must realize that much of the language in the Bible is figurative, and that indeed small sparrow-like birds perched temporarily on the branches of the mature mustard plant to feed on its seeds. Even today birds are very fond of mustard seed. Guatama Buddha also told a parable about the mustard seed, and in India, mustard is the symbol of reproductive generation. Mustard is a very interesting plant with a lot of history and many uses. It has both medicinal and culinary value useful to man in the past and present. Its many relatives are ever present in our daily lives as well. Black mustard is scientifically known as Brassica nigra. It is of the family Cruciferae. The plant is native of Europe and Asia; it has become naturalized in this country and has escaped from cultivation, so that it is often a troublesome weed. Therefore, it is often found on the roadside, in vacant lots, and especially in grain fields. There has been some success in the use of chemical herbicides in ridding grain fields of mustard. These include iron sulfate and sulfuric acid in the form of a spray. All grasses are resistant to this spray, but the young mustards are killed by it.

Medical Ethics Essay

Living in the land of opportunity and freedom has its limits. There is an expectation that every time we visit our doctor’s office that we all will get the highest amount of respect and help that can be given. Growing up, throughout my whole life I have been in and out of the emergency room more times than any normal person probably should have. Just only eleven months ago, I severely fractured my calcaneus (heel bone) into three separate pieces and had to stay in the hospital for four days due to surgery. Throughout my countless surgeries and visits to the hospital, I cannot imagine myself in a situation where the a doctor would refuse to give treatment or perform any type of procedure to anyone due to his or her personal belief whether it be based on race, sexual preference, political beliefs, or frankly any other reason. Today there are many Doctors who are refusing medical assistance to patients because of their own personal religious and even political beliefs and values. It turns out that a doctor’s ability to refuse any kind of service is legal. Randi Kaye, a CNN Correspondent interviewed Dr. Edward Langston at The American Medical Association. The AMA along with the many Doctors agree â€Å"Any physician as the opportunity that if because of personal beliefs religious or moral beliefs that they can refuse to provide services, but we also believe that physician has an obligation to provide an avenue where the patient can get the care that they’re seeking,†. One particular case dealing with a man in New Jersey, written by Rmuse, an advocate for freedom of religion and particularly, freedom of no religion. Joao Simoes, a gay, and HIV positive patient at a Catholic Hospital. Dr. Susan V. Borga, came into his room while looking at the medical file. She looked at Joao Simoes and a sked him how he contracted HIV. Simoes confirmed that he contracted the virus through unprotected sex. Dr. Borga then asked if it was due to unprotected sex with another man. As soon as he confirmed that yes, it was with another man, Borga closed his file walked out of his room. Simoes was not allowed to contact his personal physician for three day to help get medication. When he was finally allowed to contact his physician, he was told that he had already spoken to Dr. Borga informing her that Simoes needed his medication. Her response to the physician was that he must also  be gay being that he was his doctor. This was followed by â€Å"This is what he gets for going against God’s will.† Simone was finally able to get his medication after the hospital allowed his sister to visit and saw that she gave his medication to the nurses. Another case dealt with a Wal-Mart pharmacy in Wisconsin. Due to this pharmacy being a very busy pharmacy, they contacted a temporary agency because they need temporary assistant. This temporary employee informed Wal-Mart through a written statement that due to his religious beliefs, he would not be able to handle any clients that had any issues with or relating any form of contraception. Wal-Mart decided to compromise with the new employee to where he passes on the client to another pharmacist. When calls were made dealing with contraception, he would place them on hold and not inform anyone. When patients would pick up a birth control prescription, he would walk away and not tell anyone there was a patient waiting. Wal-Mart then tried again to compromise, but when realizing there would be no resolution, he was fired. A last case explained by Jessica Dweck occurred in Florida. â€Å"Florida physician Jack Cassell taped a sign to his office door advising Obama supporters to â€Å"s eek urologic care elsewhere.† The only way that this doctor could be sued successfully is if the patient is currently being treated and was in need of care, that the doctor ceased care without a proper notice or referral for another doctor. A doctor’s visit in not based on political views. The relationship between a doctor and a patient should be based on the physical and emotional wellbeing of the patient. The main question and concern should be why in the year 2014, when the United States is dealing with terrorism, and teenagers going on a shooting spree at their high schools, is there such a clause that allows Doctors to refuse medical attention towards friendly, innocent Americans based on hatred? Why is it that after so many years of war and innocent blood shed is there still a clause that allows Doctors to refuse medical assistance on the base of religious or personal beliefs? In an online article† Pharmacist Conscience Clause: Laws and Information† explains the reason why it was enacted. The conscience clause was first executed in response to the Supreme Court decision in 1973 in the Roe v. Wade case during the woman’s rights movement. Roe v. Wade ruled unconstitutional a state law that banned abortion except  to save the life of the mother. This response caused major uproar to the point where some states proposed legislation and passed laws allowing them to refuse abortions in their establishment. It went as far as pharmacist refusing in supplying refills and prescriptions of contraceptives. These actions resulted in the enactment of the conscience clause. The conscience clause was enacted in order to protect medical professionals from legal action for refusing to assist with contraception and abortion. In fact, many states began to follow with their own conscience clause which also allowed them to refuse medical service and prescription refills according to their idealistic beliefs. Unfortunately, there are also laws that that allows doctors to refuse medical attention to patients due to racism, sexism, or any type of hatred. â€Å"Since 2005, twenty-seven states introduced bills to widen refusal clauses. Four states are considering granting carte blanche refusal rights-much like the law adopted by Mississippi in 2004, which allows any health care provider to refuse practically anything on moral grounds. â€Å"It’s written so badly there is no protection for patients,† (Erdely). It is mind boggling to see that this is allowed in the† land of the free†, the State where the people are allowed to be who they want to be, and the possibilities of living a successful and happy life are endless. What seems to be going on, and what we probably should be concerned about is that doctors are taking advantage of the clause and finding loopholes to be able to act upon their bigotry. The system seems to be seriously broken. If something is wrong than it is up to us to make them right. The main concern then should be getting the Obama administration to revoke the conscience clause that was put in place by President Bush right before he left office. If people began signing petitions, and calling the news stations to publicly get the word of the unfair treatment of patients needing medical attention. This method surely would be a great starts in fighting against these unfair acts. Once the word is out on the streets, multiple legal actions should start to be put into place towards those doctors that placed many lives at risk or altered their lives to a point where they did not want to be. Such examples would be women who were brutally raped and were forced to have the babe due to doctors refusing to help. Or women losing their lives because of  internal infections caused by pregnancy. It is a safe bet that what people want is a life where there is no judgment. A life where the color of skin, political party we, sexual interest, and lastly choices in life that are made good or bad, should not be the determinant nor reason to be handed down a death sentence (Rmuse). Our country should not be stepping back into a life of hate, disregard, and prejudice towards one another. It should be taking a step forward to a place where we all get properly treated and be refused a health service because of hatred. Works Cited Dweck, Jessica. â€Å"Can Doctors Refuse to Treat Patients Based on Their Political Beliefs?† Slate Magazine. N.p., 6 Apr. 2010. Web. 08 July 2014. Erdely, Sabrina Rubin. â€Å"Doctors’ Beliefs Can Hinder Patient Care.† Msnbc.com. N.p., 22 June 2007. Web. 08 July 2014. Kaye, Randi. â€Å"When Doctors Play Judge.† CNN. Cable News Network, 12 Nov. 2012. Web. 09 July 2014. â€Å"Pharmacist Conscience Clauses: Laws and Information.† Pharmacist Conscience Clauses Laws and Information. National Conference of State Legislatures, May 2012. Web. 06 July 2014. Rmuse. â€Å"Conservative Doctors, Nurses, Pharmacists Create Death Panels By Abusing Conscience Clause.† PoliticusUSA. N.p., 4 June 2012. Web. 09 July 2014.

American Militia Success During The American Revolution

Joe Taglienti 11/4/15 Hague Senior Seminar The American Militia Success during the American Revolution The American Revolution marked the beginning of a new era for America, independence from Great Britain. The greatest military power in the world at the time had lost control of one of her most wealthy and rewarding colonies. However, a question arises to who won the war for the colonies? George Washington was the leader of the Continental Army during the war and was mildly successful. However it was in fact the brave and fearless efforts of the militia to rise to the occasion and fight alongside Continental troops, so brilliantly that George Washington proclaimed after the victory at Princeton: I have placed so much confidence in the spirit and zeal of the Associated Troops of Pennsylvania, that I cannot persuade myself an impatience to return home, or a less honorable motive, will defeat my well-grounded expectation, that they will do their country essential service, at this critical time, when the powers of despotism are all combined against it, and ready to strike their most decisive stroke. This would not be the only time the Continental Army commander would thank the militia and serves as a spotlight as to how The American Militia were key contributors both militarily and socially to the Revolutionary War; from providing support and reinforcements on the battlefield to protecting against slave revolts in the local towns; the militia were the backbone of the warShow MoreRelatedAmerican Revolution: The Siege of Charleston1304 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution: the war for our independence. This revolution opened the door to our liberty, freedom, and basically what America is now. Most Americans have heard the stories of famous battles, important people (George Washington for instance), and everything in between. However, this was only for our side of the American Revolution and a small fraction of people have been told of Britain’s campaign of the revolution. The only thing people have been told was the Britain lost the war. WhatRead MoreAmerican Siege During the Battle of Yorktown819 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Revolution began in 1765 and ended in 1783 with the signing of a peace treaty, which confirmed the separation from the British Empire. The purpose of this paper is to acknowledge lessons learned from the American siege that took place in Yorktown, Virginia, known as the Battle of Yorktown. The battle between the Franco-American forces and British Army began September 28, 1781 and lasted until the British surrender in October 19, 1781. In order to best do this, we must first get anRead MoreThe During The American Revolution1226 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the early American Revolution, Boston was a place where at the time colonies could not find peace. After gaining their independence from the French and Indian war, they had been put so far in debt that the British began taxing them to pay it off. The colonies were so angry about these taxes that they began to revolt against them. 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Taking orders under Captain William Moultrie, Francis pursued in a barbarous movement facing the Native American tribe called t he Cherokees. Throughout the short war, Francis took important notes of Cherokee tactics which stressed on tools like camouflage, utilizing theRead MoreHistory Of The Army Corps957 Words   |  4 Pagescustoms and traditions. Senior Enlisted Leaders should understand the history of the NCO because the successes of the military define American history. This paper will cover the history of the Army NCO, contributions, and evolution of the Army NCO. History An NCO is referred as a military officer who is yet to earn a commission. The history of the NCO began during early 1775 after the inception of the Continental Army (Arms, 2007). The concept came about following the blueprint of the legionaries

Domestic Violence ( Dv ) - 987 Words

Needs Statement: Domestic violence (DV), also known as intimate partner violence, is a pattern of abusive behavior that keeps one partner in a position of power over the other through the use of fear, intimidation and control. DV is a cultural and societal problem, and not a women’s problem or a men’s problem as many people come to believe. The problem also stems from the lack of adequate and consistent training for persons helping survivors escape their situation. Therefore, the solution to prevent and eliminate domestic abuse must be multi-dimensional, diverse, and comprehensive (Coulter, 2009). Domestic violence is the leading cause of serious injury to women. Data shows that in 2014 New York City Police Department responded to over 282,000 domestic incidents, where 63 were family-related homicides. There was also a 22.3% increase from 2013 or over 54,600 client visits to the New York City Family Justice Centers. Between 2001 and 2012, there were 864 domestic violence homicides in New York City, where the definition of intimate partner homicides was expanded in 2009 to include the homicides by boyfriend/girlfriends. The prevention of Domestic violence (DV) is important because family related violence occurs in a social context and has an enduring impact on a community. It is one of the foremost causes of homelessness and occurs frequently in homes where child abuse is present (New York City Domestic Violence Fatality Review Committee, 2014, p. 2). We plan to helpShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence ( Dv ) Essay1839 Words   |  8 PagesDomestic violence(DV) has been described by World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) as the Infliction of physical, sexual or mental harm, including coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty. DV involves a range of behaviors that may be characterized by physical violence, coercive behaviors, emotional abuse and controlling. 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Despite this post-measured reality, a general response to domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) by the majority of the public is in line with what most consider unacceptable and also with what the law considers legally wrong. Consider by many, moreRead MoreDomestic Violence is a Global Issue1347 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic Violence (DV) is a critical social issue that negatively impacts not only our own culture in America but as well as all other cultures around the world. Domestic Violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio-economic, cultural, racial and class distinctions (Kaur Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a serious problem that can be seen around every society from families of both developed and underdeveloped countries and of different backgrounds. 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The very image of a man striking a woman immediately strikes a chord with most of us, causing great discomfort. If we switch the roles however the same proverbial chord l ies there dormant. In fact when a man is struck in a movie by a woman it is often displayed

Essay about The Odyssey - 924 Words

The life of a God, forever bliss, complete happiness: Odysseus slights all of these things in order for him to return to his loving wife and son. The concept of true commitment was a very commendable quality for a Greek hero to possess. With this character trait, Odysseus models the ideal husband, father, and leader. Unfortunately, in today’s society, one rarely encounters such outstanding morality. Being raised in an explicit society, a decrease in certain morals has become fashionable. In particular, the college experience has become accepted as the â€Å"wild times† of one’s life. Certain activities ordinarily shunned are now perceived as a learning experience when involving a college student. Drugs and alcohol abuse are commonplace around†¦show more content†¦But let him have no company, gods or men, Only a raft that he must lash together, And after twenty days, worn out at sea, He shall make land upon the garden aisle. (263) This edict of Zeus summarizes the journey Odysseus makes in order to return home. He endures dire hardships to make the journey home, yet he still chooses to continue forward. Although Odysseus accepts this hardship as a mere speed bump, many people today would not prevail through such adversity. A knack for finding the easy way out has seemed to blossom as the one uniform skill possessed by most young people today. With today’s technology, a person rarely spends an afternoon by himself, and if so, would not like it. With this in mind, choosing to continue on with the journey in present times would be much harder of a decision to make than in ancient times. Another problem around school campuses is the growing rate of alcohol and drug abuse amongst students. Extreme marijuana usage has taken claim to many victims. The drug may not kill the person using it, but it does kill motivation. The drug becomes a part of the user’s life, and the user will eventually become lethargic. This lethargy continues to increase until most productive activities are eliminated. Although Odysseus’s crew did not have marijuana on their ship, his crew did encounter a drug that posed a similar threat. Odysseus explains the drug, â€Å"but those who ate this honeyed plant, the Lotus,/ never cared to report,Show MoreRelatedThe Odyssey739 Words   |  3 PagesIn Greek Mythology, women were either very fierce or very weak. Women were usually defined by wits, beauty, or bad deeds. In The Odyssey women were not in the background. On the contrary, women were powerful. They charmed and controlled men, provided wisdom, and took care of them. The Odyssey appears to be strongly female based. Penelope is the wife of Odysseus who is the king of Ithaca. When Odysseus is called off to the Trojan War Penelope shows great faithfulness and wit. 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After conquering the Trojan War, Odysseus was told by Poseidon â€Å"man is nothing without the gods†. Poseidon felt Odysseus was not thankful for Poseidon’sRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pages8th century, The Odyssey, is Homer s epic of Odysseus 10-year struggle to return home after the Trojan War. Odysseus defining character traits, such as nobility, courage, thirst for the glory and the appealing confidence in his authority dominated the storyline throughout. The many themes of this epic mainly focus around the Greek hero Odysseus however in my essay I will attempt to analyze hospitality. Hospitality shaped an important part of social interactions in The Odyssey. Although Greek societyRead MoreOdyssey Death and Rebirth in the Odyssey1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe Odyssey, by Homer, is a classical piece of Greek literature. Throughout The Odyssey, the Blind Bard makes use of many literary techniques in order to lend meaning to the poem beyond its existence as a work of historic fiction and aid his readers in the comprehension of the tale. One of these techniques is the use of motifs. A motif is a recurring theme that is used throughout the work. In The Odyssey, Homer makes use of many motifs including eating/drinking, Odysseus sRead MoreThe Odyssey1006 Words   |  5 PagesThe Odyssey, one of the most well known epic stories Introduces Odysseus, the King of Ithaca. This story demonstrates Odysseus’s physical and intellectual strength. Striving to return home after 20 years of his treacherous journey, he uses strength, skill, and superior ability to overcome his troubles. Although he faced numerous obstacles and fought many battles, he made it appoint to get home to his kingdom through his physical ability, intellectual insight, and overcoming his epic flaw. InRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey1267 Words   |  6 PagesLife in The Odyssey In The Odyssey, Odysseus is constantly being challenged. He is being challenged, so Homer can show us the standards for life in The Odyssey. There is no doubt that Odysseus is a great man, Homer even says so in the beginning lines of the text. Although Odysseus is a great man, he also makes mistakes but not any that he doesn t pay for. We learn the representation of life in The Odyssey through Odysseus challenges. Throughout the book, Odysseus specifically struggles with arroganceRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey848 Words   |  4 Pagesin their way. This is not a new thought; however, even the Greeks before Christ felt this way. In Homer’s Odyssey, many of the characters express the troubles that the gods have caused them, and the gods argue the exact opposite. The gods claim, â€Å"Mortals! They are always blaming the gods for their troubles when their own witlessness causes them more than they were destined for.† The Odyssey demonstrates that humans and not the gods are responsible for their own strife. Odysseus exemplifies how menRead MoreHomer s Odyssey : The Odyssey1236 Words   |  5 Pagesextend his journey in The Odyssey by several years. Homer constructs Odysseus by attributing both godly and human characteristics to him, allowing readers to admire him while simultaneously relating to him. The combination of these revered traits coined Odysseus as being an omnicompetent man, polumetis, in the eyes of the Mycenaean’s and in the eyes of most modern day readers. This shows that the popularity of Odysseus transcends time; however, modern interpretations of The Odyssey in cinematic productionsRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey1667 Words   |  7 Pages During, Homer’s, The Odyssey many strengths were tested throughout the entire book. This book was a mythological Greek folk tale that was created between the eleventh and eighth century B.C, therefore it is filled with many exaggerated stories about the Gods and treacherous adventures Odysseus had ventured on. H e encounters a cyclops and after battles a six-headed monster. His crew discovers their talent for making mistakes such as being turned into pigs by Circe and letting strong winds out of

A Improving Your Math Skills Course Education Essay Free Essays

Introduction Bettering Your Math Skills was offered over the period January 12th to March 6th ( 8 hebdomads ) to ease the new cohort pupils at the Open Campus January consumption. This was the 2nd offering of the class for pupils come ining the BSc Management programme across the Open Campus Country sites. Prior to summer 2008, this class was available to pupils at Trinidad and Tobago sites merely. We will write a custom essay sample on A Improving Your Math Skills Course Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now As with the old offer of the class during summer 2008, the eight hebdomads of class bringing was site based with local face to face coachs supplying 6 hours of direction per hebdomad for a sum of 48 contact hours. Two student/course coordinator and two tutor/course coordinator audio conferences were besides conducted. The class coordinator, Mr. Roger Charles was responsible for posting on-line class updates and reacting to administrative questions and related inquiries in the Tutor/Student Exchange Forum. 118 pupils were registered for this offer of the class across 19 Open campus sites. The module adviser to the programme Mr. Martin Franklin of the Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, continued to supply support to the class coordinator as required. Course fees remained at the rate of US $ 180.00 per pupil for a entire income of US $ 21,240.00. Course Assessment The January/March offer of the class saw a alteration in one of the constituents of the in class appraisal, with an online graded quiz replacing the face to confront mid class scrutiny. The engagement grade for completion of hebdomadal online quizzes as the other constituent of coursework remained unchanged. The displacement to to the full online coursework constituents means that jobs associated with the reception of books and Markss sheets from the OC sites have been eliminated, and pupils were able to see their coursework Markss good in progress of the terminal of learning. The displacement besides realized some nest eggs for the Open Campus, as coachs will no longer be required to tag books as portion of the place duties, and the associated US $ 5.00/per book costs will no longer be incurred. Course Materials The class stuff remained unchanged for this offer of the class. At present this consists of photocopied infusions from a assortment of beginnings in chapter format. The stuff is non unit based, larning aims are non stated and there are no worked illustrations to steer pupil activity in the class. Two transcripts of a recommended Pre concretion text per site were provided for pupil usage as portion of the class resources available at the several site locations. The overall cost for purchase of the recommended text, production and transportation of the class stuffs was about US $ 4,400.00 broken down as follows: Photocopying and transportation of 43 page brochure to 19 sites – US $ 3830.00 Purchase of recommended text – US $ 570.00 Course Coachs Most of the face to face coachs were returning coachs, the exclusion being the coach at the Mona, Jamaica site. As stated antecedently, the coach support continued to be site based, with on-line interaction limited to that between the pupils and the class coordinator. No learning took topographic point online. During the old offer of the class, local coachs expressed concern over the deficiency of entree to the on-line constituents of the class ( hebdomadal online quiz for which a engagement grade is awarded ) , given that their pupils often requested explanations/clarification on some of the countries covered. The Learning Support Supervisor agreed to ease sing entree for coachs during the January/February offer, nevertheless the chance was non followed up by most of the coachs and the focal point of their attempts remained on face to confront interaction at the several local sites. In respect to wage, prior to the January/February offer, local coachs were paid at the hourly rate particulars to their sites, up to a upper limit of 48 hours. Ratess varied across the site locations runing from US $ 27 to US $ 37.50 per hr. The January/February offer saw the catching of coachs in conformity with the standardised agreements in topographic point for coach services, and debut of the level rate of US $ 950 for the period of battle. The level rate was reviewed during the period of class bringing in response to concerns expressed by some site coordinators on behalf of the coachs that the wage was unequal given the figure of hours of direction required. The Director APAD agreed to an extra payment of US $ 160, for a entire wage of US $ 1,110.00 per coach. The overall Open Campus cost for proviso of local coach support was US $ 15,540.00. REVIEW OF COURSE COORDINATOR ‘S REPORT Specific facets of the class coordinator ‘s study ( see fond regard ) are discussed under specific headers below. Course Outcomes – Pass/Fail Ratess Of the 118 pupils registered for the class, the concluding grade entries indicate that 61.6 % attained the base on balls grade of 50. In respect to the pass/fail rate for the class, four sites recorded hapless pupil public presentation with in surplus of 50 per centum of the pupils neglecting the class: Cave Hill ( 66 % ) , Mayaro ( 63 % ) , Mona ( 55 % ) and St Lucia ( 84 % ) . One pupil from each of the following sites attempted the class without local coach support and was non successful: Bahamas, BVI, Cayman Islands, Montego Bay and Montserrat. Note that these sites were advised prior to the start of learning that local coach support where the figure of pupils was little would non be cost effectual and those pupils should be encouraged to take the class in the summer. In seeking to explicate student public presentation on the concluding scrutiny the class coordinator ‘s study discussed the inability of â€Å" several of the pupils † to come to footings with some of the subjects in the programme. The subjects that presented some step of trouble were cited as Graphs, Logs and solutions of coincident equations. All three are cardinal countries of accent in ECON1003 – Mathematicss for Social Sciences, the Level 1 class for which Improving Your Math Skills is designed to function as academic readying. In reexamining the debatable countries originating from a reappraisal of the concluding scrutiny books, the Course Coordinator farther noted the followers: â€Å" Areas where pupils were most successful were sets and simple factorisation. Students seem to hold trouble negociating logs in peculiar. Too many pupils had jobs finding the right points for the graph and that was a direct consequence of them non being able to correctly utility values into the equation and being able to work out ( negociating directed Numberss ) . † A reappraisal of the class lineation indicates that the subjects showing the greatest trouble for pupils are those scheduled for bringing subsequently in the class. As a effect, there may non hold been sufficient clip to cover them at the degree of item required. Course Delivery In respect to class bringing the Course Coordinator ‘s study suggests three specific countries of concern, as follows: Teaching and Facilitation of Learning, in peculiar the local coach ‘s cognition and accomplishment in steering acquisition Instructional Design, in peculiar the relationship between the class aims, class activities, the instruction schemes, and usage of on-line resources Learning experience in relation to the scholar ‘s prerequisite cognition and the ability of the class to run into their demands. Teaching and Facilitation of Learning: During the lead up to the first offer of the class to the Open Campus Sites in summer 2008, Sites Heads were asked to enroll local coachs on counsel from the module adviser at St Augustine, Mr Martin Franklin. Selection standards included ownership of a first grade in Mathematics, a lower limit of 2 old ages learning experience in the capable country and a instructor ‘s sheepskin. However, run intoing the sheepskin standards proved hard and most of the coachs selected at the respective sites have met the grade and experience standards merely. This has deductions for the facilitation of teaching/learning. The class coordinator ‘s study high spots this in portion as follows: â€Å" . Some coachs may necessitate counsel in fixing their pupils for some of the more debatable subjects in the programme. † The cognition of the single local coachs however, the above statement points to the demand for managed coach support, proviso of enhanced class resources and clear guidelines on the instruction schemes to be employed. Instructional Design: As indicated antecedently, the stuffs for this class are non designed in a mode that speaks to specific larning aims and results. Local coachs were hence guided by the information provided by the class coordinator during the two teleconferencing Sessionss with them, the class lineation where the class purposes are stated and which lists the class subjects in sequence and other information provided by the class coordinator via electronic mail as the demand arises. The class purposes are listed in the class lineation as follows: Engage pupils in larning activities affecting cardinal cardinal constructs in Mathematicss. Improve pupils ‘ proficiency in Pre-Calculus Mathematicss. Build pupils ‘ assurance in Mathematics prior to reading ECON1003. Supply the basic tools needed to assist pupils appreciate and acknowledge the usage of appropriate basic mathematical constructs in a given job state of affairs. The mode in which these purposes are to be achieved is non instantly clear since these purposes are non tied to specific larning aims and declared class activities. The learning schemes to be employed are non stated. This renders monitoring by the class coordinator or class bringing support, hard at best. The outlook that class bringing is happening in promotion of the class aims appears to be an country that will necessitate reexamine given the following infusion from the class coordinator ‘s study: â€Å" After reexamining several of the books it would look that many pupils in the assorted districts, were non able or prepared sufficiently to pull off with the more complex facets of the programmeaˆÂ ¦ † If the class is to function as academic readying for ECON1003, a demand is suggested for clear articulation of course/unit aims, development of related class activities and handiness of standard resources including tutorial sheets and solutions. Online resources besides need to be sourced to advance easiness of apprehension of subjects ; more so in those subjects which student public presentation indicates may be debatable. Learning Experience: The module at St Augustine recommended that all appliers to the BSc Management programme who passed O ‘ Level Mathematics over five old ages ago, or who have taken O ‘ Level Mathematicss at the secondary degree, but did non achieve a passing class, be required to take this class. Students hence come to the class with different degrees of pre necessity cognition that would necessitate changing attacks to instruction in maintaining with their acquisition manners and ability to understand and retain the constructs taught. The full push of the class is remedial, which would besides necessitate specific attacks to instruction to run into the demands of weaker pupils. The extent to which this is evidenced in respect to the construction of the class stuffs or expressed instruction schemes and guidelines is non instantly evident. The class coordinator ‘s study speaks to the proficiency of the pupils and the likely impact on their learning experience. There is a suggestion for reappraisal of the period allocated for class bringing in relation to the deepness of coverage of the subjects. He notes the followers: â€Å" Several of the coachs indicated that because of the low degree proficiency amongst some of the pupils, they needed more clip to decently and adequately present the more hard facets of the programme. † The inquiry hence arises as to the adequateness of an eight hebdomad period of class bringing for coverage of the relevant subjects in the face to confront puting merely, given that the accent is on remedial work as a characteristic of the class design. Alternatively, the figure of subjects to be covered during the period and the deepness of coverage required, may be excessively ambitious given the mark audience and the varying abilities and anterior cognition pupils bring to the class. This poses jobs for bringing when all of the varying abilities are gathered in one schoolroom and the coach has to run into all of the demands in the limited clip available. The class rating instrument was non available at the terminal of instruction, therefore pupils taking the class were non able to measure the learning experience. Such information would hold served as a usher to countries of betterment. However, a reappraisal of the remarks posted by pupils in the Tutor Student Exchange Forum speaks to two facets of the acquisition experience that are informative. Remarks related to the quality of the class stuff and the instructional design are shown below. â€Å" The unit stuff was collected at the campusaˆÂ ¦.I was inquiring where is it that the stuff contains merely 2 chapters and the remainder of it is merely exercises.A I need some illustrations to follow for the last 2 quizzes and was unable to acquire much aid from the stuff given.A What other press release is at that place? A Had some jobs with indicies and powers. † â€Å" Mr Charles I ‘m at a lost hereaˆÂ ¦ I was give a transcript of a brochure with 43 pages which every bit far as Is can Tell does non truly explicate excessively muchaˆÂ ¦..I ‘m inquiring if there is any other class stuff that was given out to the other sites and non here. If so please allow me cognize. Will the cxc mathematics text work for this class? † While these pupil posters speak to the demand for a closer expression at the design of the class stuff supplied to pupils and the supports available, they besides provide limited penetration to the larning experience of pupils and suggest a demand for more contact with class teachers. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT The recommendations for betterment highlighted in the class coordinator ‘s study focal point on the followers: Improved resources to back up instruction and facilitate acquisition: Provision of worked illustrations and development of tutorial sheets to steer teaching/learning Monitoring of coach public presentation: Development of supervising systems Expanded period for class bringing Items 1 and 2 are steps that can be accommodated as short term betterments to ease the following offer of the class ( at the clip of authorship, the bill of exchange register agenda lists the class day of the months as June 1st to July 27th 2009 ) . Item 3 may be considered as portion of a comprehensive reappraisal of the class content, class aims, the class stuffs and bringing manner. This will incur a cost to the Open Campus for the services of either an Instructional Designer or a substantial class author and the services of a Curriculum Development Specialist. For the short term, it is recommended that the following be considered in the context of Items 1 and 2 to ease readying for the summer offer and these enterprises be assessed at the terminal of the summer offering: Summer 2009 Offer Improved resources to back up instruction and facilitate acquisition: Worked illustrations are an indispensable usher to ease pattern. These illustrations should construct on the stuff contained in the recommended text and supply exposure to different combinations of the type of mathematical jobs that pupils are likely to meet as portion of their readying for ECON1003. In run intoing this demand the class coordinator should work with the Programme Coordinator to ease the resources required to back up instruction and acquisition: Designation of on-line resources ( Personal computer to work in coaction with Campus Librarian ) Preparation of tutorial sheets ( Course Coordinator ) Preparation of worked illustrations to supplement stuffs ( Course Coordinator ) Development of guidelines for coachs on countries for focal point in face to confront Sessionss ( Course Coordinator ) Consideration should be given to decrease of the accent on face to confront schoolroom direction and debut of online learning support to complement the direction provided in the schoolroom: Reduce face to confront schoolroom direction to 3 hours per hebdomad and supply clear coach guidelines for the countries of focal point. Emphasis should be placed on those subjects that the reappraisal of scrutiny books indicates as the most ambitious for pupils. Supply all face to face coachs with on-line entree to the online environment Introduce an Online Teaching Assistant to the class to help the class coordinator with facilitation of tutorial sheets, proviso of elaborate solutions at the terminal of each hebdomad and general feedback to pupils. A engagement grade should be awarded for each tutorial sheet entry from pupils Reappraisal of the 30 % coursework constituent to supply more pupil inducements for engagement in guided activities: Participation grade for completion hebdomadal online pattern quiz ( already a characteristic of the class – 7 Markss ) Participation grade for entry of tutorial sheet replies ( tutorial sheet to be available at the terminal of each hebdomad – recommended 8 Markss ) Graded online quiz ( component already included in class – decrease of the weighting required – recommended 15 Markss ) . These recommendations may be considered in the context of the bing scenarios shown in Appendix 1. 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Psychology

Psychology-Naturalistic Observation Essay Naturalistic Observation Primary Reference Source Loucopoulos P and V Karakostas (1995) System Requirements Engineering. McGraw Hill International. Summary description Observational methods involve an investigator viewing users as they work and taking notes on the activity which takes place. Observation may be either direct, where the investigator is actually present during the task, or indirect, where the task is viewed by some other means such as through use of a video camera. Typical Application Areas Useful early in specification for obtaining qualitative data. This method is an alternative (non-involving) version of Contextual Inquiry. It is useful for studying currently executed tasks and processes. It has been extensively advocated in the past. Benefits Allows the observer to view what users actually do in context. Direct observation allows the investigator to focus attention on specific areas of interest. Indirect observation captures activity that would otherwise have gone unrecorded or unnoticed. Limitations Observing can be obtrusive and subjects may alter their behaviour due to the presence of an observer. Co operation of users is vital and so the interpersonal skills of the observer are important. Notes and video tape need to be analyzed by the note-taker which can be time consuming and prevents the task being split up for analysis by a number of people. If events or behaviours which occur at unpredictable intervals are of interest, this kind of observation can become extremely time-consuming. Cost of use Analysis usually takes 5 to 7 times the amount of time spent recording events unless a substantial amount of analysis is done in real-time, during off-peak moments. Indirect observation requires access to audio visual recording and playback equipment. Costs of Acquisition Observers require training and practice in order to take accurate and complete notes. Suitability for requirements engineering in Telematics: Some partner experience (SINTEF, NPL, HFRG, NOMOS). Technique widely used in industry by HCI consultants, and portable video kits are popular. How to get it Widely documented in the literature. Detailed description of method Naturalistic Observation as a field method involves the following steps: 1.Establish objectives and information requirements. Should the coverage be in breadth or in depth? It is extremely important at this stage to find out what will happen to the end-product of this process, and therefore to tailor the whole process to the requirements of those who will receive the results. 2.Gain contacts and especially their co-operation with the process of Naturalistic Observation that you intend to carry out establish the times, places, and people who will be observed. Note that in some countries, the law may prohibit you from taking video films of people without their explicit written consent. 3.Decide on the recording technique you will use. Will you rely on hand-written notes (traditional), audio, or video and audio records? Note that the more complete your record, the longer it takes to analyze. It is useful to be able to make some kind of first-cut analysis during observation 4.Analyse, summarize, and report in relation to the objectives set out at the start. Observation as an approach in a laboratory setting is instantiated quite specifically using the Laboratory Based Observation approach. A variation of single user observation is two-user observation where pairs of users are invited to work together and the above process is carried out on the pair. One of the users in two-user observation may be a member of the design team, and this is particularly useful in situations where there may be an unstable prototype. Laboratory-Based Observation Primary Reference Sources Rubin, J. (1994) Handbook of Usability Testing. John Wiley, NY. Nielsen, J (1993) Guerilla HCI: Using discount usability engineering . In R Bias and D Mayhew (Eds) Cost Justifying Usability. Academic Press, Boston. Language: Instinctive Or Learned? EssaySummary description This is an approach to studying user behaviour in the laboratory, and may be used at practically any stage in the development process when there is a representation of the software that users can interact with. The book by Rubin is cited on account of its clarity of exposition, but this approach is documented in many sources. J Nielsen advocates an approach he calls discount usability engineering. Typical Application Areas These approaches may be used at any stage in the process, although discount usability engineering assumes the existence of a prototype that can stand on its own. Benefits The method can be seen as an .